Retirement plans benefit from special tax advantages but also are subject to special restrictions. For instance, there are rules that allow tax breaks for contributing to retirement plans and rules that allow retirement plan income to grow on a tax-deferred basis, but there also are rules that limit annual contributions and rules that dictate the timing and amount of distributions you take from those plans.

IRAs: Considered to be the most widely used retirement plans around, IRAs are a mix of easy setup and maintenance. Anyone can open an IRA, regardless of employer approval, and you can contribute as much as you want (as long as you don’t surpass the annual limits). Listed below are the descriptions of the three most popular types of IRAs.

The Traditional IRA: Your IRA assets grow on a tax-deferred basis, meaning that you pay no tax until the day that you withdraw your funds.

Your eligibility to make a contribution depends on statutory limits, your earned income and your age. Your contribution is limited to the amount of earned income income from wages and self-employment income that you have for the year. It doesn’t include investment income. Those age 50 and older may be able to make additional catch-up contributions. Plus, your spouse may use your earned income to make a contribution of his or her own. However, you (and your spouse) are eligible to make contributions only if you’re under age 701/2 at the end of the year for which you’re making the contribution.

Before you decide to start with a traditional IRA, it is wise to consider your other options. These options include a Roth IRA and an employer’s 401(k) plan.

The deductibility of your contribution is one factor that may make you lean towards once type of IRA over another. Your income level, along with other factors, will determine if a contribution to a traditional IRA will be fully deductible. If both you and your spouse are able to participate in a plan that is sponsored by one of your employers, you are automatically able to deduct your contribution, regardless of how much income you earn. However, your adjusted gross income (AGI) might make your deductions value reduced or even worthless.

If you aren’t eligible to make a deductible contribution (or a Roth IRA contribution), you may wish to make a nondeductible one you’ll still enjoy the benefit of tax-deferred growth. And, when you withdraw the funds after age 591/2, only the earnings will be taxed. You can withdraw your nondeductible contribution without tax.

Roth IRA. You are able to contribute the same amount to a Roth IRA as you are able to contribute to a traditional IRA. The real difference between the two is their eligibility rules, such as the lack of an age limit with respect to contributions. This disregard for the age limit is only applicable if you meet the earned income requirement.

You also must remember that the total annual contributions to your IRA may never exceed the defined limit. In order to get around these limits you are able to split your contribution between a traditional and Roth IRA.

If you decide to go with a Roth IRA you will have to remember than you are not allowed to claim a deduction. However, you are allowed to withdraw all of your IRA earnings free of tax after you reach the age of 59. You will have to have your account for 5 years to do this.

If you already have a traditional IRA, then you may be interested in converting a portion, or the entire IRA, to a Roth IRA. You will need to see if this change will benefit you even after considering the additional tax implications.

If a Roth IRA sounds like a better place to park your retirement funds but you already have a traditional IRA, you may be able to elect to convert some or all of it to a Roth IRA. In so doing, you’ll be creating taxable income, but you’ll also be getting the benefit of future tax-free withdrawals.

Simplified Employee Pension (SEP) IRA. A SEP IRA provides self-employed individuals a way to make more significant retirement contributions than would be available to them through a traditional or Roth IRA. Funds are treated, for tax purposes, the same as IRA funds; you may claim a deduction for your contributions, and distributions will be taxed. But the contribution limits can be much higher.

This data is distributed for informational purposes only; Doeren Mayhew is not rendering legal, accounting, or other professional advice or opinions and assumes no legal responsibility. Contact Doeren Mayhew for more information.