A fixed annuity may sound confusing at first but if you understand how a CD works at a bank, you have the basic knowledge for fixed annuities. Annuities have other features besides a rate guarantee that make it an interesting choice over a CD. There’s a little more information to look at to see if this type of investment vehicle is right for you.

Fixed annuities are also called immediate or deferred annuities. The difference lies in how you use the product. A person that wants a deferred annuity uses it more like a CD. They don’t take payments from it. The immediate annuity converts to payments over a specific number of years, for a specific amount or payments that you’ll never outlive. Some people like a guarantee that their heirs get any unused principal. That’s available too.

Annuities are for retirement money and receive tax-deferred growth. As with any retirement vehicle from an IRA to a pension plan, if you take the money out of a fixed annuity before age 59 in most cases, you pay a penalty. In this case, it’s 10 percent of the growth. There are exceptions to this rule. Lifetime payments or payments that last to the age of 59 or for at least 5 years if you’re between the ages of 54 to 59 . You or your family also doesn’t have to pay IRS penalties if the owner/annuitant dies or becomes disabled.

Annuities also have penalties imposed by the companies. These are surrender charges. A surrender charge is a percentage that normally decreases the longer you hold the annuity. They often start between ten and four percent with the percentage decreasing over a five to ten year period. However, some contracts may have as high as a fifteen percent surrender charge that never goes away unless you annuitize the payment.

If you worry that you may need the funds for an emergency, look for annuities that offer a ten percent withdrawal right that accumulates. Some companies off the right every year but if you don’t take the money, you lose that particular ten percent right of removal. Others offer as little as ten percent in the lifetime of a contract. Read all the information and get annuity quotes to help you make your final decision.

Annuity taxation occurs in two ways. If you remove the money from a fixed annuity in a lump sum as a withdrawal, the government taxes it with LIFO rules. This means, last in, first out. Since the last in is always interest, you pay taxes on the interest you withdraw. Unlike a CD, where even if you reinvest the money, you still pay taxes, you only have taxation of annuity interest once you remove it.

Immediate annuities have different tax rules. If you use the fixed annuity as a deferred annuity and then annuitize it later, it follows these rules also. Part of the payment each year is principal and part of it is interest, according to the IRS regulations.

To calculate the amount you pay in taxes each year you use an exclusion ratio. The exclusion ration is how much you exclude from that contract’s income. To find it, you need to know three things; your life expectancy, your payment and the amount you invested. You simply multiply your payment times the number of years for life expectancy. If you receive $800 a month and have a life expectancy of 22 years, you’ll get approximately $211,200 over the lifetime of payments if you collect in full. If your initial investment was $100,000, you divide that number by 211,200 and get an exclusion rate of 47 percent. In this case, you’d only pay taxes on 53 percent of your annual income from the fixed annuity.

Because of the favorable tax treatment, high interest rates and secure feeling of never running out of money, many people choose to take payments from the fixed annuity. Some, divide their funds into several different vehicles but use fixed annuities as their base monthly income in addition to social security. They request the insurance company deposit the funds directly into their account just like their social security. By doing this and keeping other investments for appreciation value and emergencies, they always know they’ll have money for monthly needs such as food, shelter and utilities.

If you enjoyed this article by writer John C. Ryan, check out more of his thoughts on fixed annuities . On this site we are dedicated to providing you with the most up to date annuity insurance news, and the best fixed annuity quotes.